155569-91-8Emamectin benzoate4''-Epimethylamino-4''-deoxyavermectin B1a and B1b benzoates
Avermectin B1, 4''-deoxy-4''-(methylamino)-, (4''R)-, benzoate (1:1)
DTXSID0034566GO:1902710GABA receptor complexCHEBI:17996chloridePR:Q94900glutamate-gated chloride channel (fruit fly)D009026mortalityGO:0050805negative regulation of synaptic transmissionGO:0060080inhibitory postsynaptic potentialNBO:0000079feeding behaviorGO:1902476chloride transmembrane transportGO:0005254chloride channel activityMP:0000753paralysis1increased2decreasedEmamectin benzoate2016-11-29T18:42:262016-11-29T18:42:26WikiUser_22all species6239nematodeWCS_35525Daphnia magnaIncreased MortalityIncreased MortalityPopulation<p><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black">Increased mortality refers to an increase in the number of individuals dying in an experimental replicate group or in a population over a specific period of time.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">Mortality of animals is generally observed as cessation of the heart beat, breathing (gill or lung movement) and locomotory movements. Mortality is typically measured by observation. Depending on the size of the organism, instruments such as microscopes may be used. The reported metric is mostly the mortality rate: the number of deaths in a given area or period, or from a particular cause.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">Depending on the species and the study setup, mortality can be measured:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in the lab by recording mortality during exposure experiments</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in dedicated setups simulating a realistic situation such as mesocosms or drainable ponds for aquatic species</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in the field, for example by determining age structure after one capture, or by capture-mark-recapture efforts. The latter is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size where it is impractical to count every individual.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p>All living things are susceptible to mortality.</p>
ModerateUnspecificHighAll life stagesHigh2016-11-29T18:41:242022-07-08T07:32:26Increased, Neuronal synaptic inhibitionIncreased, Neuronal synaptic inhibitionCellularCL:0000540neuron2016-11-29T18:41:282017-09-16T10:16:59Increased, Inhibitory postsynaptic potentialIncreased, Inhibitory postsynaptic potentialCellularCL:0000540neuron2016-11-29T18:41:282017-09-16T10:16:59Inhibition, FeedingInhibition, FeedingIndividual2016-11-29T18:41:282016-12-03T16:37:52Increased, Chloride conductanceIncreased, Chloride conductanceCellularCL:0000540neuron2016-11-29T18:41:262017-09-16T10:16:11Activation, Glutamate-gated chloride channelsActivation, Glutamate-gated chloride channelsMolecularCL:0000540neuron2016-11-29T18:41:282017-09-16T10:16:59Induction, pharyngeal muscle paralysisInduction, pharyngeal muscle paralysisTissueUBERON:0000933pharyngeal muscle2016-11-29T18:41:282017-09-16T10:17:0000981a5c-4207-4ace-9895-eceaf66cc9c7e72c2c6d-57a0-424d-8c9a-2876ff7f1eec2016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:02a8f575aa-00c4-4cd6-977b-1cc1d69b4da4951aec49-034c-4a25-a213-0f2ce4a84ced2016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:0207b49903-9a05-4fed-8ff4-b2774323d1caa93c2cfd-f2ea-4764-ad06-31744bc4325b2016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:02a93c2cfd-f2ea-4764-ad06-31744bc4325b00981a5c-4207-4ace-9895-eceaf66cc9c72016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:02e72c2c6d-57a0-424d-8c9a-2876ff7f1eec93b54dc8-f12d-479e-a71c-c2e37f44af8c2016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:0293b54dc8-f12d-479e-a71c-c2e37f44af8ca8f575aa-00c4-4cd6-977b-1cc1d69b4da42016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:02Glutamate-gated chloride channel activation leading to neurotransmission inhibition associated mortalityGluCl activation leading to mortality<p>You Song<sup>1</sup>, Knut Erik Tollefsen<sup>1,2</sup>
</p><p><sup>1</sup>Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
</p><p><sup>2</sup>Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway
</p><p>Contact: knut.erik.tollefsen@niva.no
</p>Under development: Not open for comment. Do not citeUnder Development<p>Increased mortality is one of the most common regulatory assessment endpoints, along with reduced growth and reduced reproduction.</p>
adjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified2016-11-29T18:41:172023-04-29T13:02:13