112410-23-8QYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-NQYPNKSZPJQQLRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
TebufenozideDTXSID40349485289-74-7NKDFYOWSKOHCCO-YPVLXUMRSA-NNKDFYOWSKOHCCO-YPVLXUMRSA-N
20-Hydroxyecdysone20E
DTXSID504038813408-56-5PJYYBCXMCWDUAZ-JJJZTNILSA-NPJYYBCXMCWDUAZ-JJJZTNILSA-N
Ponasterone APA
DTXSID0040595161050-58-4QCAWEPFNJXQPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-NQCAWEPFNJXQPAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MethoxyfenozideBenzoic acid, 3-methoxy-2-methyl-.2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide
DTXSID3032628112226-61-6CNKHSLKYRMDDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-NCNKHSLKYRMDDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HalofenozideBenzoic acid, 4-chloro-, 2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide
RH-70345
Mach-2
DTXSID4032619143807-66-3HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-NHPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chromafenozide2H-1-Benzopyran-6-carboxylic acid, 3,4-dihydro-5-methyl-, 2-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)hydrazide
DTXSID405797615130-85-5JQNVCUBPURTQPQ-GYVHUXHASA-NJQNVCUBPURTQPQ-GYVHUXHASA-N
InokosteroneDTXSID4016475659456-70-1WWJFFVUVFNBJTN-UIBIZFFUSA-NWWJFFVUVFNBJTN-UIBIZFFUSA-N
Nikkomycinsβ-D-Allofuranuronic acid, 5-[[(2S,3S,4S)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-4-(5-hydroxy-2-pyridinyl)-3-methyl-1-oxobutyl]amino]-1,5-dideoxy-1-(3,4-dihydro-2,4-dioxo-1(2H)-pyrimidinyl)-
DTXSID5058436GO:0008230ecdysone receptor holocomplexCHEBI:17029chitinC061375Eip75B protein, DrosophilaPR:P33244nuclear hormone receptor FTZ-F1 (fruit fly)PR:Q9VCW0cardioactive peptide (fruit fly)CL:0000100motor neuronGO:0035076ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathwayGO:0008255ecdysis-triggering hormone activityGO:0006031chitin biosynthetic processGO:0006936muscle contractionGO:0010467gene expressionGO:0002790peptide secretionGO:0019226transmission of nerve impulseGO:0060079excitatory postsynaptic potentialD009026mortality1increased2decreasedTebufenozide2016-11-29T18:42:272017-02-09T03:06:5220-hydroxyecdysone2017-02-09T03:06:052017-02-09T03:06:05Ponasterone A2017-02-09T03:06:222017-02-09T03:06:22Methoxyfenozide2017-02-06T12:28:032017-02-09T03:42:07Halofenozide2017-02-06T12:28:452017-02-06T12:28:45Chromafenozide2017-02-09T03:41:192017-02-09T03:41:19Cyasterone2017-02-09T03:42:502017-02-09T03:42:50Makisterone A2017-02-09T03:43:032017-02-09T03:43:03Inokosterone2017-02-09T03:43:162017-02-09T03:43:16Ecdysone2017-02-09T03:43:262017-02-09T03:43:26RH-58492017-02-09T03:43:402017-02-09T03:43:40Polyoxin D2020-10-23T06:20:122020-10-23T06:20:12Nikkomycins2018-05-24T15:54:092018-05-24T15:54:097375Lucilia cuprinaWCS_35525Daphnia magnaWikiUser_5insectsWCS_35525crustaceansIncrease, Ecdysone receptor agonismIncrease, EcR agonismMolecularCL:0000255eukaryotic cell2016-11-29T18:41:222018-05-24T16:30:55Decrease, Circulating ecdysis triggering hormoneDecrease, Circulating ETHTissue2016-11-29T18:41:282018-05-24T16:34:43Increase, Incomplete ecdysisIncrease, Incomplete ecdysisIndividual2016-11-29T18:41:282018-05-24T16:41:34Decrease, Abdominal muscle contractionDecrease, Abdominal muscle contractionTissueUBERON:0014895somatic muscle2016-11-29T18:41:282018-05-24T16:41:01Increase, Nuclear receptor E75b gene expressionIncrease, E75b expressionMolecularCL:0000255eukaryotic cell2017-02-09T03:20:452018-05-24T16:32:20Increase, Fushi tarazu factor-1 gene expressionIncrease, Ftz-f1 expressionMolecularCL:0000255eukaryotic cell2017-02-09T03:21:252018-05-24T16:33:42Decrease, Circulating crustacean cardioactive peptideDecrease, Circulating CCAPTissueUBERON:0000179haemolymphatic fluid2017-02-09T03:23:062018-05-24T16:37:35Decrease, Ecdysis motoneuron burstsDecrease, Ecdysis motoneuron burstsTissueUBERON:0001016nervous system2017-02-09T03:24:072018-05-24T16:38:30Decrease, Excitatory postsynaptic potentialDecrease, Excitatory postsynaptic potentialTissueUBERON:0014895somatic muscle2017-02-09T03:26:362018-05-24T16:39:42Increase, MortalityIncrease, MortalityIndividual<p><span style="font-size:14px">This key event is observed at the biological level of the individual and describes the increase of mortality of individuals upon exposure to a stressor.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px">The AO can be detected by observation, for example by immobilization of the respective organisms. There exist guidelines for the characterization of this AO in arthropods. For example, the OECD 202 Daphnia sp. Acute immobilization test </span><!--[if supportFields]><span lang=EN-US
style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-element:field-begin;mso-field-lock:
yes'></span>ADDIN CSL_CITATION
{"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1787/9789264069947-en","ISBN":"9789264069947","PMID":"128","abstract":"This
Test Guideline describes an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals
towards daphnids (usually Daphnia magna Staus). Young daphnids, aged less than
24 hours at the start of the test, are exposed to the test substance at a range
of concentrations (at least five concentrations) for a period of 48 hours.
Immobilisation is recorded at 24 hours and 48 hours and compared with control
values. The results are analysed in order to calculate the EC50 at 48h. Determination
of the EC50 at 24h is optional. At least 20 animals, preferably divided into
four groups of five animals each, should be used at each test concentration and
for the controls. At least 2 ml of test solution should be provided for each
animal (i.e. a volume of 10 ml for five daphnids per test vessel). The limit
test corresponds to one dose level of 100 mg/L. The study report should include
the observation for immobilized daphnids at 24 and 48 hours after the beginning
of the test and the measures of dissolved oxygen, pH, concentration of the test
substance, at the beginning and end of the
test.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"OECD","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"collection-title":"OECD
Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section
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Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals, Section
2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004","11","23"]]},"number-of-pages":"1-12","publisher":"OECD","title":"Test
No. 202: <i>Daphnia sp.</i> Acute Immobilisation
Test","type":"report"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=53ebeac3-a1c9-3977-9697-df1efabeb4d3"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(OECD
2004)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(OECD
2004)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}<span
style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]-->(OECD 2004)<!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-US style='font-size:11.0pt;line-height:107%;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;
mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:
minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:
EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size:14px"> which can also be modified depending on the effect one expects.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Taxonomic: </strong>This AO is applicable to all living organisms.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Life stage: </strong>This AO is applicable to all life stages.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Sex: </strong>This AO is applicable to all sexes.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><strong>Chemical:</strong> Substances known to increase mortality in arthropods are of the family of pyrimidine nucleosides (e.g. polyoxin D and nikkomycin Z) (Gijswijt et al. 1979; Tellam et al. 2000; Arakawa et al. 2008).</span></p>
HighUnspecificHighAll life stagesHighHigh<p><span style="font-size:14px">Arakawa T, Yukuhiro F, Noda H. 2008. Insecticidal effect of a fungicide containing polyoxin B on the larvae of <em>Bombyx mori</em> (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), <em>Mamestra brassicae</em>, <em>Mythimna separata</em>, and <em>Spodoptera litura</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Appl Entomol Zool. 43(2):173–181. doi:10.1303/aez.2008.173.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px">Gijswijt MJ, Deul DH, de Jong BJ. 1979. Inhibition of chitin synthesis by benzoyl-phenylurea insecticides, III. Similarity in action in <em>Pieris brassicae</em> (L.) with Polyoxin D. Pestic Biochem Physiol. 12(1):87–94. doi:10.1016/0048-3575(79)90098-1.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px">OECD. 2004. Test No. 202: <em>Daphnia sp.</em> Acute Immobilisation Test. OECD OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 2. [accessed 2020 Mar 3]. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/test-no-202-daphnia-sp-acute-immobilisation-test_9789264069947-en.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px">Tellam RL, Vuocolo T, Johnson SE, Jarmey J, Pearson RD. 2000. Insect chitin synthase. cDNA sequence, gene organization and expression. Eur J Biochem. 267(19):6025–6043. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.2000.01679.x.</span></p>
2016-11-29T18:41:242020-10-26T05:18:16c44881d0-fa2a-48bf-9593-ee281fe9e2aff888d078-5b44-4d11-9bc4-d7ccbabb17d22017-02-09T03:33:122017-02-09T03:33:12f888d078-5b44-4d11-9bc4-d7ccbabb17d241c8a0d1-bbb4-4a03-a59e-e574bd21d7ef2017-02-09T03:33:442017-02-09T03:33:4441c8a0d1-bbb4-4a03-a59e-e574bd21d7ef4e5772df-5606-421f-be66-6a23d2abe4fb2017-02-09T03:34:322017-02-09T03:34:324e5772df-5606-421f-be66-6a23d2abe4fb90f9efcc-e311-4761-bb3e-755637c04df22017-02-09T03:34:572017-02-09T03:34:5790f9efcc-e311-4761-bb3e-755637c04df2d7092599-74b7-43e8-b79f-0c4f1d95695c2017-02-09T03:35:252017-02-09T03:35:25d7092599-74b7-43e8-b79f-0c4f1d95695c41cf2725-efa4-4bed-90ee-06b801ee05b92017-02-09T03:35:502017-02-09T03:35:5041cf2725-efa4-4bed-90ee-06b801ee05b90b0547ee-e8c1-4c22-a479-7c4f030890fc2017-02-09T03:36:132017-02-09T03:36:130b0547ee-e8c1-4c22-a479-7c4f030890fc48268a0f-f994-4b8c-8291-c6f5c1cf6f4d2016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:0248268a0f-f994-4b8c-8291-c6f5c1cf6f4d9fce0031-a551-428e-b029-df37cf7cb1e62016-11-29T18:41:362016-12-03T16:38:02Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to incomplete ecdysis associated mortalityEcR agonism leading to incomplete ecdysis associated mortality<p>You Song<sup>1</sup> and Knut Erik Tollefsen<sup>1,2</sup><br />
<sup>1</sup> Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Section of Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway<br />
<sup>2</sup> Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Faculty of Environmental Science and Technology, Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV). P.O. Box 5003, N-1432 Ås, Norway</p>
<p>Contact: you.song@niva.no; knut.erik.tollefsen@niva.no</p>
Open for citation & commentUnder Development<p>Molting is a natural biological process in arthropods. During a molt cycle, the animals generate new exoskeletons by the epidermis and shed the old ones in order to grow. Successful molting is key to survival, development and reproduction. Over half a century research on arthropod endocrinology reveals that molting is precisely controlled by complex multi-hormone systems, with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) being the key effective hormone to mediate different biological processes that are necessary for molting. The hormonal actions of 20E are exerted through binding and modulation of the ecdysone receptors (EcR), which are nuclear transcriptional factors that regulate a wide range of physiological and behavioral changes. Based on this knowledge, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) targeting at the EcRs are developed as pesticides and anti-parasite pharmaceuticals in order to disrupt the molting cycles of “harmful” arthropods and protect the agriculture and aquaculture. However, environmental residues of these EDCs may also affect non-target species, such as a number of crustaceans (e.g. crabs and lobsters) with great ecological and economical values, due to highly conserved endocrine systems in arthropods. Substantial efforts are therefore needed to assess the environmental hazards and risks of EDCs on non-target species. Due to the high number (over a million described) of species in the phylum of <em>Arthopoda</em>, it is not feasible to perform toxicity testing for each species as well as EDC. Construction of universal models on basis of systems (eco)toxicology and phylogenetic similarities for understanding the environmental endocrine disruption (ED) effects may serve as a potential solution. The current AOP is therefore developed based on available information in the databases to identify knowledge gaps in this research field. The conceptual AOP will be further expanded using a combination of laboratory studies and advance <em>in sillico</em> predictions of potential EcR ligands and taxonomic appllicablity to inform environmental risk assessment as an ultimate goal.</p>
adjacentLowHighadjacentLowHighadjacentLowModerateadjacentLowModerateadjacentLowModerateadjacentLowModerateadjacentLowModerateadjacentLowModerateadjacentHighHighModerateUnspecificHighJuvenileHighAdultHighModerateHighHighHighHighHighHighHighHighHighHighHigh<p style="margin-left:12.9pt">Song, Y.; Villeneuve, D. L.; Toyota, K.; Iguchi, T.; Tollefsen, K. E., 2017. <strong>Ecdysone receptor agonism leading to lethal molting disruption in arthropods: review and adverse outcome pathway development</strong>. Environ Sci Technol, 51, (8), 4142-4157.</p>
<p style="margin-left:12.9pt">Song, Y., Evenseth, L.M., Iguchi, T., Tollefsen, K.E., 2017. <strong>Release of chitobiase as an indicator of potential molting disruption in juvenile <em>Daphnia magna</em> exposed to the ecdysone receptor agonist 20-hydroxyecdysone</strong>. J Toxicol Environ Health A, 1-9</p>
<p style="margin-left:12.9pt">Fay, K. A., Villeneuve, D. L., LaLone, C. A., Song, Y., Tollefsen, K. E. and Ankley, G. T., 2017. <strong>Practical approaches to adverse outcome pathway (AOP) development and weight of evidence evaluation as illustrated by ecotoxicological case studies</strong>. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 36(6):1429-1449.</p>
<p style="margin-left:12.9pt">Miyakawa, H., Sato, T., Song, Y., Tollefsen, K.E., Iguchi, T., 2017. <strong>Ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone biosynthesis, receptors and their signaling in the freshwater microcrustacean <em>Daphnia</em></strong>. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. pii: S0960-0760(17), 30370-30379.</p>
<p style="margin-left:12.9pt"> </p>
2016-11-29T18:41:152023-04-29T13:02:09