52315-07-8KAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYNA-NKAATUXNTWXVJKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Cypermethrin3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid, cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
Zeta-cypermethrin (ECL)
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
(RS)-alpha-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
(S)-α-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-carboxylate
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate de α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyle
3-(2,2-diclorovinil)-2,2-dimetilciclopropanocarboxilato de α-ciano-3-fenoxibencilo
Agrometrin
Agrothrin
Almetrin
Ambush C
Ambush CY
Antiborer 3767
Asymmethrin
Barrage
Barricade
Barricade 10EC
Basathrin
Chinimix
Chinmix
Cilcord
cis-Cypermethrin
Creokhin
Cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Cymbush
Cympa-Ti
Cymperator
Cyperco
Cyperil
Cyperkill
Demon TC
Ecofleece Sheep Dip (Non-OP)
Ectomin
Ectopor
Flytick
Hilcyperin
Kreokhin
Leptocide
Luseweilei
Neramethrin
Neramethrin EC 50
Nurse Green
Peststop B
Peststop B 5SC
Polytrin
Prevail
Prevail FT
PYR-VU-TO 2
Ralothrin
Ripcord
Ronatak
Summerin
Supercypermethrin
Supercypermethrin forte
Supermethrin
Supersect
alpha-Cyan-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
alpha-Cyano-m-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
DTXSID102399852645-53-1RLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYNA-NRLLPVAHGXHCWKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PermethrinCyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
(3-Phenoxyphenyl)methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
(3-Phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
3-(2,2-Dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate de m-phenoxybenzyle
3-(2,2-diclorovinil)-2,2-dimetilciclopropanocarboxilato de m-fenoxibencilo
3-Phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
3-PHENOXYBENZYL (1-RS, 3RS, 1RS, 3SR)-3-(2,2-DI- CHLOROVINYL)-2,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXYLATE
3-Phenoxybenzyl 2-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-3,3-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
3-Phenoxybenzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
3-Phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Acticin
Aninsen Per-30
Anomethrin N
Antiborer 3768
Bematin 987
BioKill
Chinetrin
Corsair
Damminix
Dancide PS 150
Dichlorophenothrin
Diffusil H
Dragnet
Dragnet FT
Ecsumin
Ectiban
Efmethrin
Elimite
Eulan SPA
Imperator
Insorbcid MP
Kaleait
Kestrel
Last Call
Lyclear
Mitin BC
m-Methoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
m-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
m-Phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
Perigen
Perigen W
Permanone
Permanone 80
Permanone 90
Permasect
Permectin II
PERMETHRIN 25/75
PERMETHRIN, > 40 % CIS-ISOMEREN
PERMETHRIN, MAX. 40 % CIS-ISOMEREN
Permethrine
Permitrine
Pertrin E
Piredam
Pynosect
Repel Permanone
Riapan A
Ridect Pour-On
SBP 15131TEC
Sharkesuper
Skintex MR-III
Smite EC 10
Spartan
Stomoxin
Stomozan
DTXSID802229266230-04-4NYPJDWWKZLNGGM-RPWUZVMVSA-NNYPJDWWKZLNGGM-RPWUZVMVSA-N
EsfenvalerateBenzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-, (S)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, (αS)-
(S)-α-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate
(S)-α-Cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)isovalerate
(S,S)-Fenvalerate
1S,1'S-Fenvalerate
Asana XL
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, (S-(R*,R*))-
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-chloro-α-(1-methylethyl)-, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, [S-(R*,R*)]-
Fenvalerate Aα
Fenvalerate α
Sumi-alfa
Sumi-alpha
Sumicidin Aα
Sumidan
Sumi-Gold
DTXSID403266766841-25-6YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-NYWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N
TralomethrinCyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoethyl)-, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
2,2-dimethyl-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate de α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyle
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
2,2-dimetil-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoetil)ciclopropancarboxilato de α-ciano-3-fenoxibencilo
Bengal Fire Ant Killer
Scout X-tra
Tracker
α-Cyan-3-phenoxybenzyl-2,2-dimethyl-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromethyl)cyclopropancarboxylat
α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrabromoethyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
DTXSID002434382657-04-3OMFRMAHOUUJSGP-KLUXTTGUNA-NOMFRMAHOUUJSGP-JHEGMOCKSA-N
BifenthrinBiphenthrin
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl ester, (1R,3R)-rel-
[1α,3α(Z)]-(+/-)-3-(2-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl ester
Bifenthrine
Biflex FT
Biphenate
Biphentrin
Brigade
Brigade 10WP
Brigata Flo
Capture
Capture LFR
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl ester, [1α,3α(Z)]-
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl ester, [1α,3α(Z)]-(+/-)-
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (2-methyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl ester, (1R,3R)-rel-
Discipline
Empower
Fanfare
Kiros EV
Semafor
Silencer
Talstar
TalstarOne
DTXSID902016068359-37-5QQODLKZGRKWIFG-UHFFFAOYNA-NQQODLKZGRKWIFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CyfluthrinCyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester
3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate de α-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyle
3-(2,2-diclorovinil)-2,2-dimetilciclopropanocarboxilato de α-ciano-3-fenoxi-4-fluorobencilo
BAY-FCR 1272
Baythroid
Baythroid XL
BAY-Vl 1704
Beta-Baythroid
Bulldock
Bulldock 125SC
CYANO(4-FLUORO-3-PHENOXYPHENYL)METHYL 3-(2,2- DICHLOROETHENYL)-2,2-DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANECARBOXylic acid
Cyfoxylate
Eulan SP
Optem PT 600
Renounce
Responsar
Syfrutrin
Tempo Ultra
Tombstone
α-Cyan-4-fluor-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2-dichlorvinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylat
α-Cyano-3-phenoxy-4-fluorobenzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate
α-Cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R,S)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropancarboxylate
α-cyano-4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
DTXSID503595791465-08-6ZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-VGISDWQONA-NZXQYGBMAQZUVMI-GCMPRSNUSA-N
lambda-CyhalothrinCyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, (1S,3S)-rel-
A 1:1 mixture of (S)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl; (Z)-(1R)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate; (R)-α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (Z)-(1S)-cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, [1α(S*),3α(Z)]-(.+-.)-
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propen-1-yl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, (1S,3S)-rel-
Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-[(1Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl]-2,2-dimethyl-, (1R)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester, (1S,3S)-
Cyhalothrin K
CYHALOTHRIN, λ-
Hallmark
Karate K
Karate King
Karate Z
Karate Zeon
Kung Fu
Lambda cialotrina
Matador
Scimitar
Spectracide Trazicide
Spectracide Triazicide Soil & Turf Insect Killer
Taiga Z
Warrior
Warrior T
Warrior Zeon
Warrior-T
λ-Cyhalothrin
DTXSID7032559PR:000002095sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alphaGO:0019871sodium channel inhibitor activityGO:0051899membrane depolarizationGO:0007269neurotransmitter secretionGO:0006936muscle contractionMP:0001393ataxiaMP:0001399hyperactivityMP:0000753paralysisD009026mortality2decreased1increasedCypermethrin2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Permethrin2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Esfenvalerate2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Tralomethrin2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Bifenthrin2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Cyfluthrin2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27Lambda-Cyhalothrin2016-11-29T18:42:272016-11-29T18:42:27WikiUser_22all speciesWikiUser_5insectsWikiUser_6fishmodulation, sodium channelmodulation, sodium channelMolecular<p>Voltage-gated sodium channels present on neuronal axons open and close by the action of two largely independent gates which operate oppositely according to membrane potential(see Hodgkin-Huxley model; Hodgkin and Huxley, 1952). Pyrethroids primarily act to delay the closing of the sodium channel activation gate (Vijverberg et al., 1982).
</p><p><em>
Changes in nerve membrane permeability and kinetic properties of ionic channels can be studied using the voltage clamp or patch clamp technique. Pyrethroid action resulting in prolonged opening of the voltage-gated sodium ion channel is evidenced by the prolonged sodium tail current and subsequent repetitive nerve impulses. The Novascreen assay, NVS_IC_rNaCh_site2, detects sodium channel 1A receptor binding. </em>
</p>CL:0000255eukaryotic cell<p>Hodgkin, A. L., & AF Huxley, (1952). A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve. The Journal of Physiology, 117(4), 500–544.
</p><p>Vijverberg, HPM, JM Van der Zalm, J Van der Bercken (1982). Similar mode of action of pyrethroids and DDT on sodium channel gaiting in myelinated nerves. Nature, 295 (5850), 601-603.
</p>2016-11-29T18:41:252017-09-16T10:15:51prolonged, Depolarization of neuronal membraneprolonged, Depolarization of neuronal membraneCellularCL:0000540neuron2016-11-29T18:41:252017-09-16T10:15:51Overactivation, Neuronotransmitter releaseOveractivation, Neuronotransmitter releaseMolecularCL:0000540neuron2016-11-29T18:41:252017-09-16T10:15:51Overactivation, muscle contractionOveractivation, muscle contractionTissueUBERON:0002385muscle tissue2016-11-29T18:41:252017-09-16T10:15:51Increased, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivityIncreased, Ataxia, paralysis, or hyperactivityOrganUBERON:0001134skeletal muscle tissue2016-11-29T18:41:252017-09-16T10:15:50Increased MortalityIncreased MortalityPopulation<p><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="color:black">Increased mortality refers to an increase in the number of individuals dying in an experimental replicate group or in a population over a specific period of time.</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">Mortality of animals is generally observed as cessation of the heart beat, breathing (gill or lung movement) and locomotory movements. Mortality is typically measured by observation. Depending on the size of the organism, instruments such as microscopes may be used. The reported metric is mostly the mortality rate: the number of deaths in a given area or period, or from a particular cause.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="text-align:start"><span style="font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="color:#000000"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">Depending on the species and the study setup, mortality can be measured:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<ul>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in the lab by recording mortality during exposure experiments</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in dedicated setups simulating a realistic situation such as mesocosms or drainable ponds for aquatic species</span></span></span></span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:11pt"><span style="color:#212529"><span style="background-color:white">in the field, for example by determining age structure after one capture, or by capture-mark-recapture efforts. The latter is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size where it is impractical to count every individual.</span></span></span></span></span></li>
</ul>
<p>All living things are susceptible to mortality.</p>
ModerateUnspecificHighAll life stagesHigh2016-11-29T18:41:242022-07-08T07:32:263895dd01-bfab-44ad-ab03-e5c974d949a55813dec1-5902-46ca-b1e8-aae68c191e772016-11-29T18:41:342016-12-03T16:37:585813dec1-5902-46ca-b1e8-aae68c191e77df559464-12d6-44e4-9a95-12cae4ea3c102016-11-29T18:41:342016-12-03T16:37:58df559464-12d6-44e4-9a95-12cae4ea3c10f63cf4fd-0908-4a48-b1c3-4cc2a6908f662016-11-29T18:41:342016-12-03T16:37:58f63cf4fd-0908-4a48-b1c3-4cc2a6908f6677cb5656-0b1a-43c6-9474-25b323b121892016-11-29T18:41:342016-12-03T16:37:5877cb5656-0b1a-43c6-9474-25b323b12189324a2981-fbe4-40bc-b3b9-82d86cb8cd092016-11-29T18:41:342016-12-03T16:37:58Axonal sodium channel modulation leading to acute mortalitysodium channel modulation <p>Kellie Fay</p>
Under Development: Contributions and Comments WelcomeUnder Development1.29<p>The voltage-gated sodium channels present on neuronal axons are the primary molecular target of pyrethroid insecticides. These chemicals selectively bind open sodium channels, allowing continuous entry of sodium ions into the cell. This hyperdepolarization of the nerve membrane results in a prolonged tail current, uncontrolled firing and neurotransmitter release. Ultimately, ataxia, paralysis and death result.</p>
<p>Increased mortality is one of the most common regulatory assessment endpoints, along with reduced growth and reduced reproduction.</p>
adjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedadjacentNot SpecifiedNot Specifiednon-adjacentNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedDuring development and at adulthoodNot SpecifiedNot Specified2016-11-29T18:41:162023-04-29T13:02:12