Stressor: 667

Title

To create a new stressor, from the Listing Stressors page at https://aopwiki.org/stressors click ‘New stressor.’ This will bring you to a page entitled “New Stressor” where a stressor title can be entered. Click ‘Create stressor’ to create a new Stressor page listing the stressor title at the top. More help

Diesel engine exhaust

Stressor Overview

The stressor field is a structured data field that can be used to annotate an AOP with standardised terms identifying stressors known to trigger the MIE/AOP. Most often these are chemical names selected from established chemical ontologies. However, depending on the information available, this could also refer to chemical categories (i.e., groups of chemicals with defined structural features known to trigger the MIE). It can also include non-chemical stressors such as genetic or environmental factors. More help

AOPs Including This Stressor

This table is automatically generated and lists the AOPs associated with this Stressor. More help

AOP Name	Evidence
Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function	Low

Events Including This Stressor

This table is automatically generated and lists the Key Events associated with this Stressor. More help

Event Name
Decrease, Lung function

Chemical Table

The Chemical Table lists chemicals associated with a stressor. This table contains information about the User’s term for a chemical, the DTXID, Preferred name, CAS number, JChem InChIKey, and Indigo InChIKey.To add a chemical associated with a particular stressor, next to the Chemical Table click ‘Add chemical.’ This will redirect you to a page entitled “New Stressor Chemical.’ The dialog box can be used to search for chemical by name, CAS number, JChem InChIKey, and Indigo InChIKey. Searching by these fields will bring forward a drop down list of existing stressor chemicals formatted as Preferred name, “CAS- preferred name,” “JChem InChIKey – preferred name,” or “Indigo InChIKey- preferred name,” depending on by which field you perform the search. It may take several moments for the drop down list to display. Select an entity from the drop down list and click ‘Add chemical.’ This will return you to the Stressor Page, where the new record should be in the ‘Chemical Table’ on the page.To remove a chemical associated with a particular stressor, in the Chemical Table next to the chemical you wish to delete, click ‘Remove’ and then click 'OK.' The chemical should no longer be visible in the Chemical table. More help

User term	DTXID	Preferred name	Casrn	jchem_inchi_key	indigo_inchi_key
Diesel engine exhaust	DTXSID1024043	Diesel engine exhaust	NOCAS_24043

AOP Evidence

This table is automatically generated and includes the AOPs with this associated stressor as well as the evidence term and evidence text from this AOP Stressor. More help

Oxidative stress Leading to Decreased Lung Function

Incubation of human primary bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface with Diesel exhaust particles (DEP; 100 µg/mL = 16.26 ng/mL phenanthrene, 3.65 ng/mL fluoranthene, 2.53 ng/mL pyrene) attenuated CBF in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Exposure to 10 µg/mL DEP decreased CBF by 40% (Q1 = 19, Q3 = 46) from baseline after 24-h incubation. Similarly, exposure to 50 µg/mL DEP, filtered DEP solution, or 100 µg/mL DEP decreased CBF by 51% (Q1 = 49, Q3 = 56), 33% (Q1 = 26, Q3 = 36), and 73% (Q1 = 65, Q3 = 83), respectively, from baseline after 24-h incubation. Changes in CBF started to become significant at 4 h with 50 µg/mL DEP and at 2 h with 100 µg/mL DEP compared to untreated cultures (Bayram et al., 1998).

Event Evidence

This table is automatically generated and includes the Events with this associated stressor as well as the evidence text from this Event Stressor. More help

Decrease, Lung function

In a study of 733 adult females who had lived in the Tokyo metropolitan area for more than 3 years, the higher the level of air pollution, the more significantly the FEV1 was reduced (Sekine et al., 2004).

In a study in 29 healthy subjects, exposure to DE inside diesel-powered trains for 3 days was associated with reduced lung function (Andersen et al., 2019).

In workers who tested diesel engines in an assembly unit of a manufacturing plant, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEV25-75 and MEF were significantly reduced compared to non-exposed workers (Zhang et al., 2017).

Stressor Info

Text sections under this subheading include the Chemical/Category Description and Characterization of Exposure. More help

Chemical/Category Description

To edit the Chemical/Category Description” section, on a KER page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “Chemical/Category Description” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “Chemical/Category Description” section on the page. More help

Characterization of Exposure

To edit the “Characterization of Exposure” section, on a Stressor page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “Characterization of Exposure” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “Characterization of Exposure” section on the page. More help

References

List of the literature that was cited for this Stressor description. Ideally, the list of references, should conform, to the extent possible, with the OECD Style Guide (https://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/OECD-Style-Guide-Third-Edition.pdf) (OECD, 2015).To edit the “References” section, on a Stressor page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “References” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “References” section on the page. More help

Bayram, H., Devalia, J.L., Sapsford, R.J., Ohtoshi, T., Miyabara, Y., Sagai, M., et al. (1998). The effect of diesel exhaust particles on cell function and release of inflammatory mediators from human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 18(3), 441-448.