Stressor: 717
Title
Nanoparticles and Micrometer Particles
Stressor Overview
AOPs Including This Stressor
Events Including This Stressor
Chemical Table
AOP Evidence
Event Evidence
Increase, Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Karlsson et al. (2009) conducted experiments to examine the effects of micrometer and nanoparticle treatments of copper and iron on human alveolar type-II epithelial cells. Their results showed that copper oxide micrometer and nanoparticle treatments were able to cause dose-dependant mitochondrial depolarization with doses as low as 5 µg/cm2 (Karlsson et al., 2009). Iron(III) oxide nanoparticles and micrometer particles were both able to cause similar amounts of mitochondrial depolarization, along with iron (IV) oxide micrometer particles, however they were all much less toxic than copper oxide nanoparticles or micrometer particles (Karlsson et al., 2009).
The effects of gold nanoparticle (Au1.4MS) treatment on human cervical cancer cells were assessed by Pan et al. (2009), who found that the treated cells experienced a significant increase in permeability transition.
Huerta-García et al. (2014) studied the effects of titanium oxide nanoparticle treatment on glial tumor rat neuronal cells and cancerous human brain cells. Their results showed that in the treated rat and human cells there was a clear time-dependant increase in depolarization (Huerta-García et al., 2014). They also found that both the human and rat cells showed time-dependant decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential, with the TiO2 nanoparticles being more toxic to the human cells, which showed significant decrease as early as 2 hours post-treatment, while the rat cells did not show significant decrease until 6 hours post-treatment (Huerta-García et al., 2014).
Zhang et al. (2018) investigated the effects of copper nanoparticles on mitochondrial membrane potential in pig kidney cells and found that the treated cells showed a dose-dependant increase in the rate of mitochondrial membrane potential change from 40 µg/mL to 80 µg/mL when treated for 12 hours.
N/A, Mitochondrial dysfunction 1
Karlsson et al. (2009) conducted experiments to examine the effects of micrometer and nanoparticle treatments of copper and iron on human alveolar type-II epithelial cells. Their results showed that copper oxide micrometer and nanoparticle treatments were able to cause dose-dependant mitochondrial depolarization with doses as low as 5 µg/cm2 (Karlsson et al., 2009). Iron(III) oxide nanoparticles and micrometer particles were both able to cause similar amounts of mitochondrial depolarization, along with iron (IV) oxide micrometer particles, however they were all much less toxic than copper oxide nanoparticles or micrometer particles (Karlsson et al., 2009).
The effects of gold nanoparticle (Au1.4MS) treatment on human cervical cancer cells were assessed by Pan et al. (2009), who found that the treated cells experienced a significant increase in permeability transition.
Huerta-García et al. (2014) studied the effects of titanium oxide nanoparticle treatment on glial tumor rat neuronal cells and cancerous human brain cells. Their results showed that in the treated rat and human cells there was a clear time-dependant increase in depolarization (Huerta-García et al., 2014). Both the human and rat cells showed time-dependant decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential. The TiO2 nanoparticles were more toxic to the human cells than to the rat cells. The human cells showed a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential as early as 2 hours post-treatment, while the rat cells did not show significant decrease until 6 hours post-treatment (Huerta-García et al., 2014).
Zhang et al. (2018) investigated the effects of copper nanoparticles on mitochondrial membrane potential in pig kidney cells and found that the treated cells showed a dose-dependant increase in the rate of mitochondrial membrane potential change from 40 µg/mL to 80 µg/mL when treated for 12 hours.
Increase, Cytotoxicity (renal tubular cell)
Zhang et al. (2018) conducted a study investigating the effects of copper nanoparticle treatment on pig kidney cells. Their results showed that pig kidney cells experience dose- and time-dependant decreases in cell viability when treated with 60 μg/mL of copper nanoparticles for 6 hours or more, or 20 μg/mL for 12 hours or more (Zhang et al., 2018).
Karlsson et al. (2009) investigated the effects of varying heavy metal nanoparticles and micrometer particles on human alveolar type-II epithelial cells and found that only copper nanoparticles, copper micrometer particles, and iron(II) nanoparticles caused a significant increase in cytotoxicity when used to treat cells. Copper nanoparticles were the most toxic treatment, causing complete cytotoxicity in the treated cells, while copper micrometer particles were only able to cause a 31% increase in cytotoxicity and iron(II) nanoparticles were only able to cause a 5% increase in non-viable cells (Karlsson et al., 2009).
Pan et al. (2009) investigated the effects of gold nanoparticles (Au1.4MS) on human cervix carcinoma cells and found that the treated cells experience a dose-dependant increase in cytotoxicity, which resulted in the determination of an IC50 of 48 μM. When they assayed the histological effect of the nanoparticles, Pan et al. (2009) also found that the treated cells showed increased cell death.
Liu et al. (2010) found that when rat kidney cells were treated with titanium oxide nanoparticles, they showed a time- and dose-dependant decrease in cell viability, with significance occurring at 6 hours for 100 μg/mL and 12 hours for 10 and 50 μg/mL.