API

This Event is licensed under the Creative Commons BY-SA license. This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.

Event: 1760

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Inhibition, Activin signaling

Short name
The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help
Inhibition, Activin signaling
Explore in a Third Party Tool

Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help
Level of Biological Organization
Cellular

Cell term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place.  For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable.  For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Organ term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place.  For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable.  For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling).  The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor).  Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description.  To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons.  If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests.  Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help
Process Object Action
activin receptor signaling pathway activin receptor complex decreased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help
AOP Name Role of event in AOP Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
GR Agonism Leading to Impaired Fin Regeneration KeyEvent Brendan Ferreri-Hanberry (send email) Open for citation & comment

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help
Life stage Evidence
All life stages High

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help
Term Evidence
Mixed High

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Activin is a dimeric protein composed of two β subunits. These subunits – either βA or βB – dictate the specific type of activin depending on their pairing. Activins have different function depending on the tissue in which they are acting (Kaneko, 2016)  Activin plays a large role in cancer metastasis, immune response, inflammation and cell migration (Kang & Shyr, 2011). In fish, the activin signaling pathway is involved with the promotion of blastemal cell proliferation in the fin regeneration process (Wehner & Weidinger, 2015).

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Activin signaling can be measured in vitro using the HepG2 cell line (Gray et al., 2003). Activin abundance has been measured in serum using high performance liquid chromotography (HPLC [Sakai et al., 1992]).

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided).  More help

Although activin binding specificity is species dependent, the receptor is highly conserved across taxa. Activin's role in cell migration is also conserved across species (Hinck, 2012). 

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Gray PC, Harrison CA, Vale W. 2003. Cripto forms a complex with activin and type II activin receptors and can block activin signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100(9):5193-5198. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0531290100

Hinck AP. 2012. Structural studies of the TGF-Bs and their Receptors - insights into evolution of the TGF-B superfamily. Federation of European Biochemical Societies Letters 586: 1860-1870. doi.10.1016/j.febslet.2012.05.028

Kaneko H, 2016. Handbook of Hormones: Pages 295-297, e33B-2.

Kang HY, Shyr CR. 2011. Activins and Cell Migration. Vitamins and Hormons 85: 129-48. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-385961-7.00007-X.

Sakai R, Shiozaki M, Tabuchi M, Eto Y. 1992. The measurement of activin/EDF in mouse serum: Evidence for extragonadal production. Biochemical And Biophysical Research Communications 188(2):921-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(92)91143-E

Wehner D, Weidinger G. 2015. Signaling networks organizing regenerative growth of the zebrafish fin. Trends in Genetics 31 (6):336-343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2015.03.012