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Event: 1875

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Cerebrovascular disease (stroke)

Short name
The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help
stroke
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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help
Level of Biological Organization
Organ

Organ term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place.  For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable.  For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling).  The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor).  Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description.  To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons.  If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests.  Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help
AOP Name Role of event in AOP Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Sars-CoV-2 causes stroke AdverseOutcome Agnes Aggy (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
human Homo sapiens NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help
Life stage Evidence
Adult
Old Age

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help
Term Evidence
Male
Female

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

A stroke or cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the result of an acute disruption of the cerebral perfusion or vasculature (Khaku and Tadi, 2020). The majority of strokes are of ischemic origin and only a small percent of hemorrhagic origin. Ischemic stroke can be further characterised into embolic, thrombotic, and lacunar.

Lacunar strokes result from disruption of the small penetrating branches of the middle cerebral artery, vertebral or basilar artery or the lenticulostriate vessels. Most common causes of lacunar strokes include microemboli and fibrinoid necrosis secondary to vasculitis.

Hemorrhagic etiologies can be from aneurysm rupture, arteriovenous malformations, venous angiomas, bleeding due to drugs.

In general, the common risk factors for stroke include hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, atrial fibrillation, and drug use.

Patients with CVD can show any of the following symptoms

  • Disturbance of consciousness (e.g. not alert and responsive, arouses to noxious stimuli, comatose…)
  • Language difficulties in fluency, naming, comprehension and repetition 
  • Dysarthria (slurring)
  • Motor deficits (e.g. subtle arm weakness)
  • Visual field deficits
  • Eye movement abnormalities
  • Facial paralysis
  • Ataxia
  • Nausea,
  • Vomiting
  • Vertigo

Based on the symptoms, the localisation of the stroke in brain areas can be diagnosed and also support the categorisation to the following stroke syndromes: a) Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Infarction, b) Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarction, c) Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA) Infarction and c) Cerebellar Infarction.

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

It is detected by clinical examination stat non-contrasted head computed tomogram (CT) or a combination of head CT, CT Angiography, and perfusion imaging (Khaku and Tadi, 2020).

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided).  More help

Regulatory Significance of the Adverse Outcome

An AO is a specialised KE that represents the end (an adverse outcome of regulatory significance) of an AOP. More help

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Khaku AS, Tadi P. (2020) Cerebrovascular Disease. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430927/