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Event: 1974

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Activation of Tumor Protein 53

Short name

The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help

Activation of TP53

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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help

Level of Biological Organization
Cellular

Cell term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place. For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable. For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Organ term

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling). The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor). Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description. To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons. If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests. Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help

AOP Name	Role of event in AOP	Point of Contact	Author Status	OECD Status
Increased DNA damages during embryonic development lead to microcephaly	KeyEvent	Brendan Ferreri-Hanberry (send email)	Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Term	Scientific Term	Evidence	Link
Mus musculus	Mus musculus	High	NCBI
Rattus norvegicus	Rattus norvegicus	Moderate	NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help

Life stage	Evidence
Pregnancy	High

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Term	Evidence
Unspecific	High

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

TP53 is a key player in protecting the integrity of the genome. TP53 protein is present at low levels in all type of cells but become stabilized and transcriptionally active after exposures to DNA-damaging agents. The increase level of TP53 after exposure to ionizing radiation or other stress is primarily regulated at the post-translational level (Kastan MB, Onyekwere O, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B and Craig RW (1991) Cancer Res. 51: 6304–6311.). In response to DNA double-strand breaks activated ATM mediates phosphorylation at multiple sites on p53 including ser 6, 9, 15, 20, 46 and Thr 18 (Saito S, Goodarzi AA, Higashimoto Y, Noda Y, Lees-Miller SP, Appella E and Anderson CW (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277: 12491–12494.). The phosphorylated P53 escape proteosomal degradation mediated in non stress situation by MDM2, and thus leads to stabilization of the protein (Jackson MW and Berberich SJ (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 1001–1007.)

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Antibody against phosphorylated TP53 are used to detect the activated form of TP53. This is made by immunocytochemistry techniques through Western Blot analysis on protein extract or by immunocytochemistry on tissue sections.

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided). More help

Somatic and proliferating cells

All vertebrates.

Consequence of increased and irreparable DNA damages

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Kashiwagi, Hiroki, Kazunori Shiraishi, Kenta Sakaguchi, Tomoya Nakahama, and Seiji Kodama. 2018. “Repair Kinetics of DNA Double-Strand Breaks and Incidence of Apoptosis in Mouse Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells and Their Differentiated Neurons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation.” Journal of Radiation Research 59 (3): 261–71. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrr/rrx089.

Limoli, Charles L., Erich Giedzinski, Radoslaw Rola, Shinji Otsuka, Theo D. Palmer, and John R. Fike. 2004. “Radiation Response of Neural Precursor Cells: Linking Cellular Sensitivity to Cell Cycle Checkpoints, Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress.” Radiation Research 161 (1): 17–27. https://doi.org/10.1667/rr3112.

Kastan MB, Onyekwere O, Sidransky D, Vogelstein B and Craig RW (1991) Cancer Res. 51: 6304–6311

Saito S, Goodarzi AA, Higashimoto Y, Noda Y, Lees-Miller SP, Appella E and Anderson CW (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277: 12491–12494

Jackson MW and Berberich SJ (2000) Mol. Cell. Biol. 20: 1001–1007