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Event: 584

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

Inhibition, sodium channel

Short name

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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help

Level of Biological Organization
Molecular

Cell term

The location/biological environment in which the event takes place.The biological context describes the location/biological environment in which the event takes place. For molecular/cellular events this would include the cellular context (if known), organ context, and species/life stage/sex for which the event is relevant. For tissue/organ events cellular context is not applicable. For individual/population events, the organ context is not applicable. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Cell term
eukaryotic cell

Organ term

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling). The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor). Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description. To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons. If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests. Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add. Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help

Process	Object	Action
sodium channel inhibitor activity	sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	decreased
signaling	sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha	decreased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help

AOP Name	Role of event in AOP	Point of Contact	Author Status
sodium channel inhibition 1	MolecularInitiatingEvent	Allie Always (send email)	Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
sodium channel inhibition 2	MolecularInitiatingEvent	Evgeniia Kazymova (send email)	Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
sodium channel inhibition 3	MolecularInitiatingEvent	Cataia Ives (send email)	Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
Nav1.1 inhibition to population decline	MolecularInitiatingEvent	Evgeniia Kazymova (send email)	Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Voltage-gated sodium channels consist of an alpha subunit and auxiliary beta subunits. The alpha subunit is the ion pore-forming component of the channel and is organized into four homologous domains (I- IV), each with six trans-membrane alpha helices (S1-S6). Between the S5 and S6 segments, there is a pore loop which is a primary target for anti-epileptic drugs. The segments between S5 and S6 in each of the four domains create extracellular pore loops. Amino acid changes in the poor loops within domains II and IV determine if the ion channel is sensitive to sodium or calcium ions. Anti-epileptic, anti-arrhythmic and anesthetics all may bind this same site, but their action may be voltage-specific. For example, phenytoin is an ineffective block of hyperpolarized (e.g., -100mV) sodium channels, but is more effective at blocking progressively depolarized potentials (e.g., -80 to -30 mV).

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

Voltage-clamp recordings of sodium currents is a general means of detection. ToxCast assay NVS_IC_rNaCh_site 2 also measures binding to the sodium channel receptor.

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided). More help

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

Ragsdale, D.S. and Avoli, M. 1998. Sodium channels as molecular targets for antiepileptic drugs. Brain Research Reviews 26:16-28.

Pless, S.A., Galpin, J.D., Frankel, A., and Ahern, C.A. 2011. Molecular basis for class Ib anti-arrhythmic inhibition of cardiac sodium channels. Nat Commun 2:351.