Stressor: 249
Title
To create a new stressor, from the Listing Stressors page at https://aopwiki.org/stressors click ‘New stressor.’ This will bring you to a page entitled “New Stressor” where a stressor title can be entered. Click ‘Create stressor’ to create a new Stressor page listing the stressor title at the top.
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2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Stressor Overview
The stressor field is a structured data field that can be used to annotate an AOP with standardised terms identifying stressors known to trigger the MIE/AOP. Most often these are chemical names selected from established chemical ontologies. However, depending on the information available, this could also refer to chemical categories (i.e., groups of chemicals with defined structural features known to trigger the MIE). It can also include non-chemical stressors such as genetic or environmental factors.
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AOPs Including This Stressor
This table is automatically generated and lists the AOPs associated with this Stressor.
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Events Including This Stressor
This table is automatically generated and lists the Key Events associated with this Stressor.
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Chemical Table
The Chemical Table lists chemicals associated with a stressor. This table contains information about the User’s term for a chemical, the DTXID, Preferred name, CAS number, JChem InChIKey, and Indigo InChIKey.To add a chemical associated with a particular stressor, next to the Chemical Table click ‘Add chemical.’ This will redirect you to a page entitled “New Stressor Chemical.’ The dialog box can be used to search for chemical by name, CAS number, JChem InChIKey, and Indigo InChIKey. Searching by these fields will bring forward a drop down list of existing stressor chemicals formatted as Preferred name, “CAS- preferred name,” “JChem InChIKey – preferred name,” or “Indigo InChIKey- preferred name,” depending on by which field you perform the search. It may take several moments for the drop down list to display. Select an entity from the drop down list and click ‘Add chemical.’ This will return you to the Stressor Page, where the new record should be in the ‘Chemical Table’ on the page.To remove a chemical associated with a particular stressor, in the Chemical Table next to the chemical you wish to delete, click ‘Remove’ and then click 'OK.' The chemical should no longer be visible in the Chemical table.
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AOP Evidence
This table is automatically generated and includes the AOPs with this associated stressor as well as the evidence term and evidence text from this AOP Stressor.
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation leading to early life stage mortality, via increased COX-2
- The AhR is activated by numerous planar aromatic hydrocarbons. Specifically, chemicals with molecular dimensions of 12 Å x 14 Å x 5 Å are potential ligands of the AhR (Waller & McKinney 1992; 1995).
- However, the AhR is best known as the molecular target of dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). DLCs include polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and planar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A total of seven PCDDs, ten PCDFs, and 12 PCBs are considered 'dioxin-like' because they bind to the AhR with relatively great affinity (Denison & Heath-Pagliuso 1998; Van den Berg et al 1998).
- The prototypical and among the most potent of the DLCs is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD).
Event Evidence
This table is automatically generated and includes the Events with this associated stressor as well as the evidence text from this Event Stressor.
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Altered, Cardiovascular development/function
There is no evidence text for this event.
dimerization, AHR/ARNT
There is no evidence text for this event.
Increase, COX-2 expression
There is no evidence text for this event.
Increase, Early Life Stage Mortality
Exposure of embryos to 2,3,7,8-TCDD causes early life stage mortality in all studied species of fishes (Doering et al 2013).
Increase, cell proliferation (hepatocytes)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
- TCDD is a potent AhR activator, and its ability to stimulate cell proliferation has been reviewed in Becker et al. (2015).
Activation, EGFR
Phosphorylation of EGFR was significantly increased in normal human bronchial epithelial cells differentiated at the air-liquid interface following treatment with 10 nM TCDD for 0.5, 3, 4, and 6 h (Lee et al., 2011).
Increase, Mucin production
Treatment of primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells and immortalized human bronchial epithelial HBE1 cells with 10 nM TCDD for up to 48 h increased MUC5AC gene expression in a time-dependent manner. TCDD treatment (10 nM) of primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells also significantly increased MUC5AC protein levels (Lee et al., 2011).
Stressor Info
Text sections under this subheading include the Chemical/Category Description and Characterization of Exposure.
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Chemical/Category Description
To edit the Chemical/Category Description” section, on a KER page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “Chemical/Category Description” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “Chemical/Category Description” section on the page.
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Characterization of Exposure
To edit the “Characterization of Exposure” section, on a Stressor page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “Characterization of Exposure” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “Characterization of Exposure” section on the page.
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References
List of the literature that was cited for this Stressor description. Ideally, the list of references, should conform, to the extent possible, with the OECD Style Guide (https://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/OECD-Style-Guide-Third-Edition.pdf) (OECD, 2015).To edit the “References” section, on a Stressor page, in the upper right hand menu, click ‘Edit.’ This brings you to a page entitled, “Editing Stressor.” Scroll down to the “References” section, where a text entry box allows you to submit text. Click ‘Update’ to save your changes and return to the Stressor page. The new text should appear under the “References” section on the page.
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