This AOP is licensed under the BY-SA license. This license allows reusers to distribute, remix, adapt, and build upon the material in any medium or format, so long as attribution is given to the creator. The license allows for commercial use. If you remix, adapt, or build upon the material, you must license the modified material under identical terms.
AOP: 381
Title
A descriptive phrase which references both the Molecular Initiating Event and Adverse Outcome.It should take the form “MIE leading to AO”. For example, “Aromatase inhibition leading to reproductive dysfunction” where Aromatase inhibition is the MIE and reproductive dysfunction the AO. In cases where the MIE is unknown or undefined, the earliest known KE in the chain (i.e., furthest upstream) should be used in lieu of the MIE and it should be made clear that the stated event is a KE and not the MIE.
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Binding of viral S-glycoprotein to ACE2 receptor leading to dysgeusia
Short name
A name that succinctly summarises the information from the title. This name should not exceed 90 characters.
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S glycoprotein, taste impairment
The current version of the Developer's Handbook will be automatically populated into the Handbook Version field when a new AOP page is created.Authors have the option to switch to a newer (but not older) Handbook version any time thereafter.
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Handbook Version v2.0
Graphical Representation
A graphical representation of the AOP.This graphic should list all KEs in sequence, including the MIE (if known) and AO, and the pair-wise relationships (links or KERs) between those KEs.
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Point of Contact
The user responsible for managing the AOP entry in the AOP-KB and controlling write access to the page by defining the contributors as described in the next section.
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Agnes Aggy
(email point of contact)
Contributors
Users with write access to the AOP page. Entries in this field are controlled by the Point of Contact.
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- Young Jun Kim
- Agnes Aggy
Coaches
This field is used to identify coaches who supported the development of the AOP.Each coach selected must be a registered author.
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OECD Information Table
Provides users with information concerning how actively the AOP page is being developed and whether it is part of the OECD Workplan and has been reviewed and/or endorsed.
OECD Project: Assigned upon acceptance onto OECD workplan. This project ID is managed and updated (if needed) by the OECD.
OECD Status: For AOPs included on the OECD workplan, ‘OECD status’ tracks the level of review/endorsement of the AOP . This designation is managed and updated by the OECD.
Journal-format Article: The OECD is developing co-operation with Scientific Journals for the review and publication of AOPs, via the signature of a Memorandum of Understanding. When the scientific review of an AOP is conducted by these Journals, the journal review panel will review the content of the Wiki. In addition, the Journal may ask the AOP authors to develop a separate manuscript (i.e. Journal Format Article) using a format determined by the Journal for Journal publication. In that case, the journal review panel will be required to review both the Wiki content and the Journal Format Article. The Journal will publish the AOP reviewed through the Journal Format Article.
OECD iLibrary published version: OECD iLibrary is the online library of the OECD. The version of the AOP that is published there has been endorsed by the OECD. The purpose of publication on iLibrary is to provide a stable version over time, i.e. the version which has been reviewed and revised based on the outcome of the review. AOPs are viewed as living documents and may continue to evolve on the AOP-Wiki after their OECD endorsement and publication.
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OECD Project # | OECD Status | Reviewer's Reports | Journal-format Article | OECD iLibrary Published Version |
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1.96 | Under Development |
This AOP was last modified on May 26, 2024 20:39
Revision dates for related pages
Page | Revision Date/Time |
---|---|
Impaired gustatory nerve | April 07, 2021 06:40 |
Binding to ACE2 | August 30, 2023 20:36 |
dysgeusia | April 26, 2021 03:39 |
Downregulation, ACE2 | March 31, 2021 04:21 |
Increased Angiotensin II | April 04, 2021 08:00 |
Imbalanced salty and sweet taste responses | April 07, 2021 07:14 |
Binding to ACE2 leads to Downregulation of ACE2 | November 12, 2021 06:56 |
Downregulation of ACE2 leads to Increased AngII | May 15, 2020 12:05 |
Increased AngII leads to Sodium inhibition, Sweet enhancement | April 10, 2021 11:43 |
Impaired gustatory nerve leads to taste impairment | March 28, 2021 10:59 |
Sodium inhibition, Sweet enhancement leads to Impaired gustatory nerve | April 10, 2021 11:44 |
Abstract
A concise and informative summation of the AOP under development that can stand-alone from the AOP page. The aim is to capture the highlights of the AOP and its potential scientific and regulatory relevance.
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AOP Development Strategy
Context
Used to provide background information for AOP reviewers and users that is considered helpful in understanding the biology underlying the AOP and the motivation for its development.The background should NOT provide an overview of the AOP, its KEs or KERs, which are captured in more detail below.
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Strategy
Provides a description of the approaches to the identification, screening and quality assessment of the data relevant to identification of the key events and key event relationships included in the AOP or AOP network.This information is important as a basis to support the objective/envisaged application of the AOP by the regulatory community and to facilitate the reuse of its components. Suggested content includes a rationale for and description of the scope and focus of the data search and identification strategy/ies including the nature of preliminary scoping and/or expert input, the overall literature screening strategy and more focused literature surveys to identify additional information (including e.g., key search terms, databases and time period searched, any tools used).
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Summary of the AOP
This section is for information that describes the overall AOP.The information described in section 1 is entered on the upper portion of an AOP page within the AOP-Wiki. This is where some background information may be provided, the structure of the AOP is described, and the KEs and KERs are listed.
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Events:
Molecular Initiating Events (MIE)
An MIE is a specialised KE that represents the beginning (point of interaction between a prototypical stressor and the biological system) of an AOP.
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Key Events (KE)
A measurable event within a specific biological level of organisation.
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Adverse Outcomes (AO)
An AO is a specialized KE that represents the end (an adverse outcome of regulatory significance) of an AOP.
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Type | Event ID | Title | Short name |
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MIE | 1739 | Binding to ACE2 | Binding to ACE2 |
KE | 1787 | Downregulation, ACE2 | Downregulation of ACE2 |
KE | 1752 | Increased Angiotensin II | Increased AngII |
KE | 1856 | Imbalanced salty and sweet taste responses | Sodium inhibition, Sweet enhancement |
KE | 1849 | Impaired gustatory nerve | Impaired gustatory nerve |
AO | 1850 | dysgeusia | taste impairment |
Relationships Between Two Key Events (Including MIEs and AOs)
This table summarizes all of the KERs of the AOP and is populated in the AOP-Wiki as KERs are added to the AOP.Each table entry acts as a link to the individual KER description page.
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Title | Adjacency | Evidence | Quantitative Understanding |
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Binding to ACE2 leads to Downregulation of ACE2 | adjacent | Moderate | Not Specified |
Downregulation of ACE2 leads to Increased AngII | adjacent | Low | Not Specified |
Increased AngII leads to Sodium inhibition, Sweet enhancement | adjacent | Low | Not Specified |
Impaired gustatory nerve leads to taste impairment | adjacent | Low | Not Specified |
Sodium inhibition, Sweet enhancement leads to Impaired gustatory nerve | adjacent | Low | Not Specified |
Network View
This network graphic is automatically generated based on the information provided in the MIE(s), KEs, AO(s), KERs and Weight of Evidence (WoE) summary tables. The width of the edges representing the KERs is determined by its WoE confidence level, with thicker lines representing higher degrees of confidence. This network view also shows which KEs are shared with other AOPs.
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Prototypical Stressors
A structured data field that can be used to identify one or more “prototypical” stressors that act through this AOP. Prototypical stressors are stressors for which responses at multiple key events have been well documented.
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Life Stage Applicability
The life stage for which the AOP is known to be applicable.
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Taxonomic Applicability
Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) can be selected.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available.
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Sex Applicability
The sex for which the AOP is known to be applicable.
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Overall Assessment of the AOP
Addressess the relevant biological domain of applicability (i.e., in terms of taxa, sex, life stage, etc.) and Weight of Evidence (WoE) for the overall AOP as a basis to consider appropriate regulatory application (e.g., priority setting, testing strategies or risk assessment).
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Domain of Applicability
Addressess the relevant biological domain(s) of applicability in terms of sex, life-stage, taxa, and other aspects of biological context.
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Essentiality of the Key Events
The essentiality of KEs can only be assessed relative to the impact of manipulation of a given KE (e.g., experimentally blocking or exacerbating the event) on the downstream sequence of KEs defined for the AOP. Consequently, evidence supporting essentiality is assembled on the AOP page, rather than on the independent KE pages that are meant to stand-alone as modular units without reference to other KEs in the sequence. The nature of experimental evidence that is relevant to assessing essentiality relates to the impact on downstream KEs and the AO if upstream KEs are prevented or modified. This includes: Direct evidence: directly measured experimental support that blocking or preventing a KE prevents or impacts downstream KEs in the pathway in the expected fashion. Indirect evidence: evidence that modulation or attenuation in the magnitude of impact on a specific KE (increased effect or decreased effect) is associated with corresponding changes (increases or decreases) in the magnitude or frequency of one or more downstream KEs.
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Evidence Assessment
Addressess the biological plausibility, empirical support, and quantitative understanding from each KER in an AOP.
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Known Modulating Factors
Modulating factors (MFs) may alter the shape of the response-response function that describes the quantitative relationship between two KES, thus having an impact on the progression of the pathway or the severity of the AO.The evidence supporting the influence of various modulating factors is assembled within the individual KERs.
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Quantitative Understanding
Optional field to provide quantitative weight of evidence descriptors.
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Considerations for Potential Applications of the AOP (optional)
Addressess potential applications of an AOP to support regulatory decision-making.This may include, for example, possible utility for test guideline development or refinement, development of integrated testing and assessment approaches, development of (Q)SARs / or chemical profilers to facilitate the grouping of chemicals for subsequent read-across, screening level hazard assessments or even risk assessment.
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References
List of the literature that was cited for this AOP.
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