
This AOP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aop: 402
Title
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) inhibition leads to periventricular heterotopia formation in the developing rat brain
Short name
Graphical Representation
Point of Contact
Contributors
- Katherine (Katie) O'Shaughnessy
- Mary Gilbert
- Allie Always
Status
Author status | OECD status | OECD project | SAAOP status |
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Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite |
This AOP was last modified on July 16, 2022 18:37
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Abstract
This putative adverse outcome pathway (AOP) describes the relationship between inhibition of the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and periventricular heterotopia formation in the developing rat brain. Periventricular heterotopia is characterized as ectopic neurons that collect near the lateral ventricles of the posterior forebrain, and is a neurodevelopmental defect that can be found in humans and other animals. Previous peer-reviewed work has shown that pregnant and lactating rats exposed to a thyroid peroxidase (TPO) inhibitor have reduced serum thyroid hormone concentrations, and their offspring later exhibit a permanent periventricular heterotopia. Additionally, functional studies have shown these affected offspring display an increased seizure incidence, and epilepsy is closely correlated to heterotopia in patients. This AOP describes how TPO inhibition during development leads to periventricular heterotopia and seizures in the rat. Data contributing to this AOP is mainly derived from experimental data, including dose response studies utilizing the pharmaceutical 6-propylthiouracil (PTU), a TPO inhibiting chemical.
AOP Development Strategy
Context
Strategy
Summary of the AOP
Events:
Molecular Initiating Events (MIE)
Key Events (KE)
Adverse Outcomes (AO)
Relationships Between Two Key Events (Including MIEs and AOs)
Network View
Prototypical Stressors
Life Stage Applicability
Taxonomic Applicability
Sex Applicability
Overall Assessment of the AOP
Domain of Applicability
Essentiality of the Key Events
Evidence Assessment
Known Modulating Factors
Quantitative Understanding
Currently, there are quantitative models and/or extrapolations for the early KERs from TPO inhibition to serum thyroid hormone concentrations during mammalian development (Hassan et al., 2017), but few for the later KERs (Hassan et al., 2017; O'Shaughnessy et al. 2018a). Importantly, there are no studies that describe how serum thyroid hormone concentrations during the perinatal period in rats (postnatal day 0 (PN0) to PN6) relates to heterotopia formation. This is an important data gap as thyroid hormone reductions in rat pups during the perinatal period is both sufficient and necessary to induce this adverse outcome (O'Shaughnessy et al. 2019). For the rest of the KERs in this AOP, there is a varying amount of data from dose-response studies that demonstrate increasing impact with increasing chemical dose for all the KEs, and the direct and indirect KERs (O'Shaughnessy et al., 2018b). At present, the overall quantitative understanding of the AOP is insufficient to directly predict what degree of serum thyroxine (T4) reduction in rat pups would result in periventricular heterotopia formation without further study.