
This AOP is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Aop: 406
Title
SARS-CoV-2 infection leading to hyperinflammation
Short name
Graphical Representation
Point of Contact
Contributors
- Hasmik Yepiskoposyan
- Arthur Author
Status
Author status | OECD status | OECD project | SAAOP status |
---|---|---|---|
Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite |
This AOP was last modified on May 08, 2022 11:33
Revision dates for related pages
Page | Revision Date/Time |
---|---|
ACE2 binding to viral S-protein | November 24, 2021 05:41 |
Increased susceptibility to viral entry | April 27, 2021 19:46 |
Increased coronavirus production | April 20, 2021 00:54 |
Depletion of protective oxidative stress response | January 05, 2022 00:04 |
NLRP3 inflammasome activity, increased | June 25, 2021 08:29 |
Hyperinflammation | December 29, 2021 02:29 |
ACE2 binding to viral S-protein leads to Increased susceptibility to viral entry | March 02, 2020 03:19 |
Increased susceptibility to viral entry leads to Increased SARS-CoV-2 production | March 30, 2021 22:06 |
Increased SARS-CoV-2 production leads to Depleted Protective Response to ROS | April 20, 2021 03:48 |
Depleted Protective Response to ROS leads to inflammasome activity, increased | June 25, 2021 05:24 |
inflammasome activity, increased leads to Hyperinflammation | June 25, 2021 05:24 |
Abstract
Background (optional)
Attempts to understand molecular mechanisms of COVID-10 pathogenesis lead to several studies linking COVID-19 severity to oxidative stress in infected tissues (Bakadia, Boni et al. 2021, Mehri, Rahbar et al. 2021, Pincemail, Cavalier et al. 2021). In parallel, the antioxidant defensive mechanisms were lowered in COVID-19 patients (Pincemail, Cavalier et al. 2021). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress are known to activate inflammasomes (Cruz, Rinna et al. 2007, Martinon 2010, Kauppinen, Niskanen et al. 2012, Abderrazak, Syrovets et al. 2015). Inflammasomes are critical components of innate immune system that induce secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL1B and IL18 upon activation (Martinon, Burns et al. 2002, Kelley, Jeltema et al. 2019). In the study by Lage and colleagues, aberrant levels of oxidative stress hallmarks (such as mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation) with concomitant NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL1B secretion were observed in monocytes of COVID-19 patients (Lage, Amaral et al. 2021). Since the outbreak of pandemics, several review articles postulated the involvement of oxidative stress and inflammasome activation in COVID-19 pathology (Beltrán-García, Osca-Verdegal et al. 2020, Derouiche 2020, Shah 2020) however the causality of ROS in the inflammasome activation in the context of COVID-19 infection is not very clear.
Summary of the AOP
Events:
Molecular Initiating Events (MIE)
Key Events (KE)
Adverse Outcomes (AO)
Sequence | Type | Event ID | Title | Short name |
---|
1 | MIE | 1739 | ACE2 binding to viral S-protein | ACE2 binding to viral S-protein |
2 | KE | 1738 | Increased susceptibility to viral entry | Increased susceptibility to viral entry |
3 | KE | 1847 | Increased coronavirus production | Increased SARS-CoV-2 production |
4 | KE | 1869 | Depletion of protective oxidative stress response | Depleted Protective Response to ROS |
5 | KE | 1895 | NLRP3 inflammasome activity, increased | inflammasome activity, increased |
AO | 1868 | Hyperinflammation | Hyperinflammation |
Relationships Between Two Key Events (Including MIEs and AOs)
Title | Adjacency | Evidence | Quantitative Understanding |
---|
Network View
Stressors
Life Stage Applicability
Taxonomic Applicability
Sex Applicability
Overall Assessment of the AOP
Domain of Applicability
Essentiality of the Key Events
Evidence Assessment
Quantitative Understanding
Considerations for Potential Applications of the AOP (optional)
References
Abderrazak, A., T. Syrovets, D. Couchie, K. El Hadri, B. Friguet, T. Simmet and M. Rouis (2015). "NLRP3 inflammasome: from a danger signal sensor to a regulatory node of oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases." Redox Biol 4: 296-307.
Bakadia, B. M., B. O. O. Boni, A. A. Q. Ahmed and G. Yang (2021). "The impact of oxidative stress damage induced by the environmental stressors on COVID-19." Life Sci 264: 118653.
Beltrán-García, J., R. Osca-Verdegal, F. V. Pallardó, J. Ferreres, M. Rodríguez, S. Mulet, F. Sanchis-Gomar, N. Carbonell and J. L. García-Giménez (2020). "Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID-19-Associated Sepsis: The Potential Role of Anti-Oxidant Therapy in Avoiding Disease Progression." Antioxidants (Basel) 9(10).
Cruz, C. M., A. Rinna, H. J. Forman, A. L. Ventura, P. M. Persechini and D. M. Ojcius (2007). "ATP activates a reactive oxygen species-dependent oxidative stress response and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages." J Biol Chem 282(5): 2871-2879.
Derouiche, S. (2020). "Oxidative Stress Associated with SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) Increases the Severity of the Lung Disease - A Systematic Review." Journal of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology.
Kauppinen, A., H. Niskanen, T. Suuronen, K. Kinnunen, A. Salminen and K. Kaarniranta (2012). "Oxidative stress activates NLRP3 inflammasomes in ARPE-19 cells--implications for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)." Immunol Lett 147(1-2): 29-33.
Kelley, N., D. Jeltema, Y. Duan and Y. He (2019). "The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Overview of Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation." Int J Mol Sci 20(13).
Lage, S. L., E. P. Amaral, K. L. Hilligan, E. Laidlaw, A. Rupert, S. Namasivayan, J. Rocco, F. Galindo, A. Kellogg, P. Kumar, R. Poon, G. W. Wortmann, J. P. Shannon, H. D. Hickman, A. Lisco, M. Manion, A. Sher and I. Sereti (2021). "Persistent Oxidative Stress and Inflammasome Activation in CD14(high)CD16(-) Monocytes From COVID-19 Patients." Front Immunol 12: 799558.
Martinon, F. (2010). "Signaling by ROS drives inflammasome activation." Eur J Immunol 40(3): 616-619.
Martinon, F., K. Burns and J. Tschopp (2002). "The inflammasome: a molecular platform triggering activation of inflammatory caspases and processing of proIL-beta." Mol Cell 10(2): 417-426.
Mehri, F., A. H. Rahbar, E. T. Ghane, B. Souri and M. Esfahani (2021). "Changes in oxidative markers in COVID-19 patients." Arch Med Res 52(8): 843-849.
Pincemail, J., E. Cavalier, C. Charlier, J. P. Cheramy-Bien, E. Brevers, A. Courtois, M. Fadeur, S. Meziane, C. L. Goff, B. Misset, A. Albert, J. O. Defraigne and A. F. Rousseau (2021). "Oxidative Stress Status in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit for Severe Pneumonia. A Pilot Study." Antioxidants (Basel) 10(2).
Shah, A. (2020). "Novel Coronavirus-Induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Potential Drug Target in the Treatment of COVID-19." Front Immunol 11: 1021.