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Event: 406

Key Event Title

A descriptive phrase which defines a discrete biological change that can be measured. More help

impaired, Fertility

Short name
The KE short name should be a reasonable abbreviation of the KE title and is used in labelling this object throughout the AOP-Wiki. More help
impaired, Fertility
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Biological Context

Structured terms, selected from a drop-down menu, are used to identify the level of biological organization for each KE. More help
Level of Biological Organization
Individual

Key Event Components

The KE, as defined by a set structured ontology terms consisting of a biological process, object, and action with each term originating from one of 14 biological ontologies (Ives, et al., 2017; https://aopwiki.org/info_pages/2/info_linked_pages/7#List). Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signalling).Biological process describes dynamics of the underlying biological system (e.g., receptor signaling).  The biological object is the subject of the perturbation (e.g., a specific biological receptor that is activated or inhibited). Action represents the direction of perturbation of this system (generally increased or decreased; e.g., ‘decreased’ in the case of a receptor that is inhibited to indicate a decrease in the signaling by that receptor).  Note that when editing Event Components, clicking an existing Event Component from the Suggestions menu will autopopulate these fields, along with their source ID and description.  To clear any fields before submitting the event component, use the 'Clear process,' 'Clear object,' or 'Clear action' buttons.  If a desired term does not exist, a new term request may be made via Term Requests.  Event components may not be edited; to edit an event component, remove the existing event component and create a new one using the terms that you wish to add.  Further information on Event Components and Biological Context may be viewed on the attached pdf. More help
Process Object Action
fertility decreased

Key Event Overview

AOPs Including This Key Event

All of the AOPs that are linked to this KE will automatically be listed in this subsection. This table can be particularly useful for derivation of AOP networks including the KE.Clicking on the name of the AOP will bring you to the individual page for that AOP. More help
AOP Name Role of event in AOP Point of Contact Author Status OECD Status
Aromatase (Cyp19a1) reduction leading to reproductive toxicity AdverseOutcome Allie Always (send email) Open for citation & comment Under Review
PPAR and reproductive toxicity AdverseOutcome Evgeniia Kazymova (send email) Not under active development Under Development
PPARα activation leading to impaired fertility AdverseOutcome Arthur Author (send email) Open for citation & comment Under Review
Adult Leydig Cell Dysfunction AdverseOutcome Allie Always (send email) Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
11βHSD inhibition, decreased population trajectory KeyEvent Agnes Aggy (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development
11β-hydroxylase inhibition, infertility in fish KeyEvent Allie Always (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development
Deposition of ionizing energy leads to population decline via impaired meiosis KeyEvent Allie Always (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite
Inhibition of ALDH1A leading to reduced fertility AdverseOutcome Cataia Ives (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development
Glutathione conjugation leading to reproductive dysfunction AdverseOutcome Allie Always (send email) Under Development: Contributions and Comments Welcome
AR antagonism leading to decreased fertility AdverseOutcome Cataia Ives (send email) Under development: Not open for comment. Do not cite Under Development

Taxonomic Applicability

Latin or common names of a species or broader taxonomic grouping (e.g., class, order, family) that help to define the biological applicability domain of the KE.In many cases, individual species identified in these structured fields will be those for which the strongest evidence used in constructing the AOP was available in relation to this KE. More help
Term Scientific Term Evidence Link
rat Rattus norvegicus High NCBI
mouse Mus musculus High NCBI
human Homo sapiens High NCBI

Life Stages

An indication of the the relevant life stage(s) for this KE. More help
Life stage Evidence
Adult, reproductively mature High
Juvenile High
Adults High

Sex Applicability

An indication of the the relevant sex for this KE. More help

Key Event Description

A description of the biological state being observed or measured, the biological compartment in which it is measured, and its general role in the biology should be provided. More help

Biological state

capability to produce offspring

Biological compartments

System

General role in biology

Fertility is the capacity to conceive or induce conception. Impairment of fertility represents disorders of male or female reproductive functions or capacity.

How It Is Measured or Detected

A description of the type(s) of measurements that can be employed to evaluate the KE and the relative level of scientific confidence in those measurements.These can range from citation of specific validated test guidelines, citation of specific methods published in the peer reviewed literature, or outlines of a general protocol or approach (e.g., a protein may be measured by ELISA). Do not provide detailed protocols. More help

As a measure, fertility rate, is the number of offspring born per mating pair, individual or population.

Domain of Applicability

A description of the scientific basis for the indicated domains of applicability and the WoE calls (if provided).  More help

Plausible domain of applicability

Taxonomic applicability: The impaired fertility may also have relevance for fish, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, birds and and invertebrates with sexual reproduction.

Life stage applicability: The impaired fertility can be measured at juveniles and adults.

Sex applicability: The impaired fertility can be measured in both male and female species. 

Regulatory Significance of the Adverse Outcome

An AO is a specialised KE that represents the end (an adverse outcome of regulatory significance) of an AOP. More help

Under REACH, information on reproductive toxicity is required for chemicals with an annual production/importation volume of 10 metric tonnes or more. Standard information requirements include a screening study on reproduction toxicity (OECD TG 421/422) at Annex VIII (10-100 t.p.a), a prenatal developmental toxicity study (OECD 414) on a first species at Annex IX (100-1000 t.p.a), and from March 2015 the OECD 443(Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study) is reproductive toxicity requirement instead of the two generation reproductive toxicity study (OECD TG 416). If not conducted already at Annex IX, a prenatal developmental toxicity study on a second species at Annex X (≥ 1000 t.p.a.).

Under the Biocidal Products Regulation (BPR), information is also required on reproductive toxicity for active substances as part of core data set and additional data set (EU 2012, ECHA 2013). As a core data set, prenatal developmental toxicity study (EU TM B.31) in rabbits as a first species and a two-generation reproduction toxicity study (EU TM B.31) are required. OECD TG 443 (Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study) shall be considered as an alternative approach to the multi-generation study.) According to the Classification, Labelling and Packaging (CLP) regulation (EC, 200; Annex I: 3.7.1.1): a) “reproductive toxicity” includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as developmental toxicity in the offspring; b) “effects on fertility” includes adverse effects on sexual function and fertility; and c) “developmental toxicity” includes adverse effects on development of the offspring.

References

List of the literature that was cited for this KE description. More help

OECD (2001), Test No. 416: Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070868-en.

OECD (2018), Test No. 443: Extended One-Generation Reproductive Toxicity Study, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264185371-en.

OECD (2018), Test No. 414: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study, OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264070820-en.

OECD (2018), "Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (OECD TG 421) and Combined Repeated Dose Toxicity Study with the Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (OECD TG 422)", in Revised Guidance Document 150 on Standardised Test Guidelines for Evaluating Chemicals for Endocrine Disruption, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264304741-25-en.