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AOP: 386
Title
Deposition of ionizing energy leading to population decline via inhibition of photosynthesis
Short name
Graphical Representation
Point of Contact
Contributors
- Knut Erik Tollefsen
- You Song
- Li Xie
- Arthur Author
Coaches
OECD Information Table
OECD Project # | OECD Status | Reviewer's Reports | Journal-format Article | OECD iLibrary Published Version |
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This AOP was last modified on May 26, 2024 20:39
Revision dates for related pages
Page | Revision Date/Time |
---|---|
Increase, D1 protein deactivation | April 11, 2021 08:16 |
Decrease, Photosystem II efficiency | April 11, 2021 17:32 |
Decrease, Photosynthesis | October 10, 2017 07:51 |
Decrease, ATP production | April 11, 2021 17:36 |
Decrease, Reproduction | April 11, 2021 17:38 |
Decrease, Population growth rate | January 03, 2023 09:09 |
Deposition of Energy | March 08, 2024 11:49 |
Increased, Reactive oxygen species | April 10, 2024 17:33 |
Energy Deposition leads to Increased, Reactive oxygen species | January 21, 2022 06:35 |
Increased, Reactive oxygen species leads to D1 protein deactivation | January 21, 2022 06:36 |
Decrease, Photosystem II efficiency leads to Decrease, Photosynthesis | April 11, 2021 08:25 |
Decrease, Photosynthesis leads to Decrease, ATP production | April 11, 2021 08:26 |
Decrease, ATP production leads to Decrease, Reproduction | January 21, 2022 06:35 |
Decrease, Reproduction leads to Decrease, Population growth rate | April 11, 2021 08:26 |
Ionizing Radiation | May 07, 2019 12:12 |
Gamma radiation | April 15, 2017 16:04 |
Ultraviolet B radiation | April 15, 2017 16:04 |
Abstract
Ionising and non-ionizing radiation may excite and/or ionize intracellular water molecules to increase production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells of primary producers. Such excessive ROS production can trigger oxidative damage of proteins (such as the D1 protein) in photosystem II (PSII) reaction centers and result in a reduction in PSII efficiency, total photosynthesis and ATP production. Reduction in the ATP pool may consequently reduce available energy to support development (size and weight) and/or reproduction (number of organisms and/or leaves) to reduce the overall population.
AOP Development Strategy
Context
Strategy
Summary of the AOP
Events:
Molecular Initiating Events (MIE)
Key Events (KE)
Adverse Outcomes (AO)
Type | Event ID | Title | Short name |
---|
MIE | 1686 | Deposition of Energy | Energy Deposition |
KE | 1115 | Increased, Reactive oxygen species | Increased, Reactive oxygen species |
KE | 1861 | Increase, D1 protein deactivation | D1 protein deactivation |
KE | 1862 | Decrease, Photosystem II efficiency | Decrease, Photosystem II efficiency |
KE | 1475 | Decrease, Photosynthesis | Decrease, Photosynthesis |
KE | 1472 | Decrease, ATP production | Decrease, ATP production |
AO | 1863 | Decrease, Reproduction | Decrease, Reproduction |
AO | 360 | Decrease, Population growth rate | Decrease, Population growth rate |
Relationships Between Two Key Events (Including MIEs and AOs)
Title | Adjacency | Evidence | Quantitative Understanding |
---|
Energy Deposition leads to Increased, Reactive oxygen species | adjacent | High | High |
Increased, Reactive oxygen species leads to D1 protein deactivation | adjacent | High | High |
Decrease, Photosystem II efficiency leads to Decrease, Photosynthesis | adjacent | High | High |
Decrease, Photosynthesis leads to Decrease, ATP production | adjacent | High | High |
Decrease, ATP production leads to Decrease, Reproduction | adjacent | Moderate | Moderate |
Decrease, Reproduction leads to Decrease, Population growth rate | adjacent | High | High |
Network View
Prototypical Stressors
Life Stage Applicability
Life stage | Evidence |
---|---|
Adult, reproductively mature | High |
Taxonomic Applicability
Sex Applicability
Sex | Evidence |
---|---|
Unspecific | High |
Hermaphrodite | Low |
Overall Assessment of the AOP
The evidence for the MIE, KE and AO were considered Moderate to High for all Key Events and Key Event Relationships. The overall assessment of the AOP were considered moderate.
Domain of Applicability
Taxonomic: all primary producers
Life stage: all stages
Sex: both genders (dioecious plants) and not relevant (hermaphrodites)
Stressors: Ionizing radiation
Essentiality of the Key Events
The essentiality of all key events was considered as Moderate to High. Essentiality evaluations were mainly based on specifically designed studies demonstrating the expected effect pattern predicted by the AOP to occur after exposure to Cobalt-60 external radiation.
Evidence Assessment
Biological Plausibility:
Empirical Evidence:
Overall confidence in the AOP:
Known Modulating Factors
Modulating Factor (MF) | Influence or Outcome | KER(s) involved |
---|---|---|
Quantitative Understanding
Quantitative data were generated in studies with Lemna minor and the freshwater algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii exposed to external gamma radiation from a Cobalt-60 source and artifical ultraviolet B radiation (UVB). The quantitative understanding of the AOP was therefore considered to be Moderate for these species and stressors.
Considerations for Potential Applications of the AOP (optional)
References
Xie, L., Solhaug, K. A., Song, Y., Brede, D. A., Lind, O. C., Salbu, B., & Tollefsen, K. E. (2019). Modes of action and adverse effects of gamma radiation in an aquatic macrophyte Lemna minor. Science of the Total Environment, 680, 23-34.